International Journal of Advanced Social Studies
type: channel
description: International Journal of Advanced Social Studies is an open access double-blind peer-reviewed online journal published by Explore Scholar Publishing Group. Since the world is always changing, it's super important for us to keep up with new trends that affect us all, no matter where we live. This journal is a special place where experts from different fields come together to talk about important issues, share new ideas, and give us new ways to think about things.
publisher: Explore Scholar Publishing
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Advanced Social Studies
issn: 3006-1776
items: Influence of WCM Policies on Firm Liquidity: The Moderating Role of Pyramidal Structure
items: Green Governance and Climate Change Mitigation: Institutional Strategies for Sustainable Environmental Management
items: Fake News, Deepfakes, and the Crisis of Digital Trust: Media Ethics, Information Authenticity, and Public Perception in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
items: When Justice Sleeps, Power Speaks: Artificial Intelligence, Digital Control, and the Crisis of Human Freedom in Modern Societies
items: Concord Asymmetries in Urdu Nominalization
items: Association between Patriarchal Norms and Academic Achievements among University Students
items: Exploring the Role of Social Media Use in Developing Narcissism among Gen-Z Undergraduate Students
items: Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth: Evidence from South Asia
items: Digital Green Finance: The Role of FinTech in Promoting Sustainable Investment and Environmental Responsibility
items: The Impact of Explainable AI–Based Interviews on Organizational Attractiveness: The Mediating Roles of Perceived Organizational Support and Innovativeness
items: Project Management Practices and Supply Chain Performance: The Role of Financial Efficiency and Risk Management
items: Credit Risk Shocks and Bank Resilience in Pakistan: Evidence from Dynamic Z-Score and NPL Interactions
items: The Impact of Digital Surveillance and Artificial Intelligence on Privacy Rights, Freedom of Expression, and Human Rights Accountability
items: Algorithmic Visibility of Marginalized Voices on Social Media and Its Implications for Democracy in Pakistan
items: GenAI Adoption in Entrepreneurial Education and Digital Entrepreneurial Intention: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of University Entrepreneurial Climate and Attitudes toward Digital Entrepreneurship
items: Poverty, Inequality, and Crime: An Empirical Investigation of Pakistan's Urban Crime Dynamics
items: A Comparative Analysis of the G7’s Build Back Better World (B3W) Initiative as an Alternative to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
items: Green HRM, Transformational Leadership, and Sustainability Performance in Emerging Market SMEs: The Mediating Role of Pro-environmental Behavior and Circular Economy
items: A Study of the Real Estate Business Implications for Living Conditions in Urban Pakistan: Mixed Methodology Results
items: Profitability Analysis of Dates in District Kech, Balochistan
items: Growth and Fiscal Consequences of Terrorism in Pakistan
items: Opportunity Differential in Early Childhood Development in Punjab, Pakistan: Role of Stunting
items: Evaluating Health Risks, Economic Costs and Gender Impacts of Pesticide Exposure in Cotton Production
items: Impact of Exchange Rate, Budget Deficit and Money Supply on Economic Growth: An Analysis from Pakistan
items: An Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Dimensions in Korean Television Season The Legend of the Blue Sea
items: Analysis of Green Energy on Environmental Sustainability Framework in SAARC Countries
items: Transitivity-Driven Semantic Shifts and Ideological Mediation in the English Translation of Intizar Hussain’s Wo Jo Kho Gaye
items: Technological Diffusion, Absorption Capacity and Export Performance: An Empirical Analysis from the Selected Developing Countries
items: Manifestations and Coping Deficits: Investigating Variations in Perceived Parental Pressure, Exam Anxiety, and Emotional Well-Being among Secondary School Students
items: Impact of Remittances on Female Labour Participation in Pakistan

Influence of WCM Policies on Firm Liquidity: The Moderating Role of Pyramidal Structure
type: item
description: The study explores how WCM (working capital management) decisions influence a firm’s liquidity, simultaneously analyzing the moderating role of pyramidal structure. The dataset has been drawn from 385 listed companies operating in non-financial sectors with the highest market capitalization listed on the Stock Exchanges of India, Malaysia, Singapore, and Pakistan. The time period covered is from 2015 to 2019. For empirical analysis, robust regression was used. It was found that firm liquidity was significantly affected by WCM policies. The pyramidal structure does affect the firm’s liquidity. Results also substantiate the moderating impact exhibited by the pyramidal structure on the relationship between WCM and liquidity. The work adds value to the current literature by substantiating the impact of pyramidal structure on the relationship between WCM and firm liquidity in Asian economies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Working capital management (WCM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Liquidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Pyramidal structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Cash conversion cycle (CCC)
  topic: keywords
subject: Quick ratio
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Sikander Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Sikander Iqbal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 239
ending page: 254
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06119

Green Governance and Climate Change Mitigation: Institutional Strategies for Sustainable Environmental Management
type: item
description: Climate change continued to pose significant environmental challenges that required effective governance mechanisms to support sustainable environmental management and climate mitigation efforts. This study investigated the influence of green governance on climate change mitigation by examining the roles of environmental policy effectiveness, regulatory enforcement, and stakeholder participation. The study employed a quantitative research design and collected data from a sample of 320 respondents working in public institutions, environmental agencies, and sustainability-focused organizations. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis through SPSS. The findings indicated that environmental policy effectiveness positively influenced climate change mitigation (β = 0.381, p = 0.000), regulatory enforcement exerted a significant positive effect (β = 0.324, p = 0.000), and stakeholder participation also contributed positively to climate mitigation outcomes (β = 0.287, p = 0.000). The correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations among all study variables, while the regression model explained 69.4% of the variance in climate change mitigation (R² = 0.694). The results demonstrated that institutions implementing effective environmental policies, strong regulatory mechanisms, and inclusive stakeholder engagement achieved better sustainability outcomes and improved climate resilience. The study concluded that green governance represented a critical institutional framework for addressing climate change and promoting sustainable environmental management. The findings provide valuable implications for policymakers, environmental agencies, and organizational leaders seeking to strengthen governance systems and support long-term environmental sustainability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate Change Mitigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Policy Effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulatory Enforcement
  topic: keywords
subject: Stakeholder Participation
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Environmental Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Kabir Ghoto
creator: Nauman Alam Lari
creator: Marium Minhas Bandeali
creator: Abdul Wahab
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kabir Ghoto, Nauman Alam Lari, Marium Minhas Bandeali, Abdul Wahab (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 225
ending page: 238
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06118

Fake News, Deepfakes, and the Crisis of Digital Trust: Media Ethics, Information Authenticity, and Public Perception in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
type: item
description: The rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence has reshaped the digital information environment and intensified concerns regarding fake news, deepfakes, media ethics, information authenticity, and public perception. This study examined the crisis of digital trust in AI-driven communication systems using a quantitative research design. Data were collected from a sample of 350 respondents selected from active digital media users. A structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was used for data collection. Statistical analysis involved descriptive evaluation of variables to understand user perceptions of misinformation exposure, ethical standards, and information credibility. The findings revealed high levels of concern regarding fake news (M = 4.18), deepfake content (M = 4.11), and information authenticity (M = 4.23). Media ethics recorded the highest mean value (M = 4.29), indicating strong emphasis on ethical communication practices. Public perception and digital trust showed comparatively lower mean values (M = 4.15, M = 4.08), reflecting declining confidence in online information systems. Reliability analysis confirmed strong internal consistency across all variables with Cronbach’s alpha values above 0.80. The study highlighted that misinformation and synthetic media significantly influenced public trust and information evaluation behavior. The results emphasized the need for ethical governance and verification systems to reduce misinformation risks and strengthen digital trust in AI-driven environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Deepfakes
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital trust
  topic: keywords
subject: Fake news
  topic: keywords
subject: Information authenticity
  topic: keywords
subject: Media ethics
  topic: keywords
creator: Akhtar Ali Shah
creator: Nibras Hussain
creator: Waqas Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Qandeel Nasir, Nibras Hussain, Waqas Ahmed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 211
ending page: 224
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06117

When Justice Sleeps, Power Speaks: Artificial Intelligence, Digital Control, and the Crisis of Human Freedom in Modern Societies
type: item
description: Artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly transformed governance systems, digital communication, surveillance practices, and institutional decision-making processes across modern societies. While AI contributed to efficiency, innovation, and administrative effectiveness, concerns emerged regarding its implications for privacy, autonomy, democratic accountability, and human freedom. This study investigated the relationship between artificial intelligence, digital control mechanisms, algorithmic governance, and the crisis of human freedom in contemporary societies. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from a sample of 350 respondents comprising academic professionals, technology experts, students, and digital platform users. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques. The findings revealed high mean scores for Artificial Intelligence (M = 4.28), Digital Control Mechanisms (M = 4.21), Algorithmic Governance (M = 4.17), and Human Freedom Crisis (M = 4.35). Correlation analysis indicated significant positive relationships among all study variables, with the strongest association observed between Digital Control Mechanisms and Human Freedom Crisis (r = 0.834, p < 0.01). Regression results demonstrated that Digital Control Mechanisms (β = 0.381), Artificial Intelligence (β = 0.289), and Algorithmic Governance (β = 0.247) significantly predicted Human Freedom Crisis. The model explained 79.4% of the variance in the dependent variable (R² = 0.794). The study concluded that the growing integration of artificial intelligence and digital control technologies exerted substantial influence on perceptions of freedom, privacy, and democratic values. The findings emphasized the importance of transparent governance, ethical AI development, and robust regulatory frameworks to ensure that technological progress remained aligned with human rights and social justice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Algorithmic governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Democratic accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital control
  topic: keywords
subject: Human freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance technologies
  topic: keywords
creator: Sana Kartio
creator: Muzammil Anwar
creator: Muhammad Shehzad Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sana Kartio, Muzammil Anwar, Muhammad Shehzad Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 197
ending page: 210
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06116

Concord Asymmetries in Urdu Nominalization
type: item
description: This study investigates concord asymmetries in nominalization of Urdu, a head-final language (e.g., YP-Xo), which is structurally complex and morphologically rich. Adopting a qualitative descriptive research design, this study employs Bayrih’s (2017) theory of concord generalization, Pesetsky’s (2013) Feature Assignment (FA) framework, and Koopman’s (2003) functional projection principle. The findings reveal that Urdu represents a partial concord hierarchy. Urdu consistently demonstrates number, gender concord extending from adjective + noun, and demonstrative + noun structures, whereas case concord is absent. Case features are blocked at the NP phase boundary and highlighted externally via postpositions; however, the number and gender features are consistently merged, copied, and projected onto modifiers. The outcomes raised challenging questions regarding the feature percolation framework developed by Norris (2014, 2017) in accounting for the Urdu nominal structure, demonstrating that the concord in Urdu is hierarchically restricted and typologically predictable. Thus, this study contributes to the theoretical typology of concord by representing Urdu within the hierarchy of concord features and showing the structural operationalization systems that construct partial concord systems in head-final languages.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Concord hierarchy
  topic: keywords
subject: Feature agreement
  topic: keywords
subject: Phi-feature
  topic: keywords
subject: Partial agreement
  topic: keywords
subject: Projection
  topic: keywords
creator: Nazir Ahmed Malik
creator: Maryam Jamil
creator: Asad Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nazir Ahmed Malik, Maryam Jamil, and Asad Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 181
ending page: 196
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06115

Association between Patriarchal Norms and Academic Achievements among University Students
type: item
description: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between patriarchal values and academic achievement. The research used quantitative research design while the nature of the research was correlational. The study population consisted of students from Government College University Faisalabad, including both male and female students. A total of 201 respondents were selected for the study through a convenient sampling technique. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect the data, which included 6 items related to patriarchal values and 5 items related to academic achievement. All items were measured on a five-point Likert scale. The data collected was analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were performed for data analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between patriarchal values and academic success. The study supports Eagly's social role theory, according to which social roles and gender expectations influence individuals' attitudes and performance. This study emphasizes that it is important to promote gender equality in educational institutions and families. To provide equal opportunities for all students.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Patriarchal values
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender roles
  topic: keywords
subject: Social role theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Umair Ahmed
creator: Saba Razzaq
creator: Mian Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Umair Ahmed, Saba Razzaq, Mian Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 160
ending page: 165
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2025.05315

Exploring the Role of Social Media Use in Developing Narcissism among Gen-Z Undergraduate Students
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social media use and narcissism among Gen Z. In this study, a quantitative research method was adopted, and 213 students at Government College University were selected through a convenient Sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, in which the intensity of social media use and the level of narcissism were measured on a 5-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software, which included descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The regression results showed that social media use is a key factor predicting narcissism. This research indicates that social media can have a significant impact on the psychological attitudes of young people, especially on self-esteem and self-fulfilling tendencies. However, considering the limitations of the research, more extensive and diverse samples need to be investigated to better understand the relationship. The findings have important practical and theoretical implications for academia, psychologists, and policymakers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social media use
  topic: keywords
subject: Narcissism
  topic: keywords
subject: Gen Z
  topic: keywords
creator: Umair Ahmad
creator: Rashida Tufail
creator: Saba Razzaq
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rashida Tufail, Umair Ahmad, Saba Razzaq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 174
ending page: 180
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06114

Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth: Evidence from South Asia
type: item
description: Entrepreneurship plays a crucial part in driving economic growth by acting as a channel for knowledge spillovers and facilitating the commercialization of new knowledge, which is essential for economic development. This study examines how entrepreneurship affects economic growth by incorporating the role of trade openness (TR), Capital formation (K), and FDI in South Asia over the time frame of 2006-2023. The study utilized the Levin, Lin & Chu and PP unit root tests, as well as OLS, FE model, and RE models. The results from OLS show that entrepreneurship is statistically significant as an independent determinant of economic growth. In addition, trade openness, capital formation, and FDI also contribute to economic growth in this region. The results from FE or RE models support that all of the used economic variables were also found to be significantly correlated with economic growth. This study also encourages Governments to foster entrepreneurship through suitable regulations that promote a business-friendly environment and provide for infrastructure development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Growth
  topic: keywords
subject: South Asia
  topic: keywords
creator: Tayyab Arshad
creator: Jwairia Amaan
creator: Umer Mukhtar
creator: Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar Siddique
creator: Sumaira .
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tayyab Arshad, Jwairia Amaan, Umer Mukhtar, Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar Siddique, Sumaira . (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 162
ending page: 173
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06113

Digital Green Finance: The Role of FinTech in Promoting Sustainable Investment and Environmental Responsibility
type: item
description: Digital green finance has emerged as a critical mechanism for aligning financial systems with environmental sustainability through the integration of FinTech innovations. This study examined the role of FinTech, blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, and ESG integration in promoting sustainable investment and environmental responsibility. A quantitative research design was applied, and data were collected from a sample of 400 respondents, including financial professionals, investment managers, and FinTech users. The analysis focused on assessing the impact of digital financial technologies on sustainable investment performance using statistical techniques including regression analysis and model fit evaluation. The results indicated that ESG integration (β = 0.38, p = 0.000) exerted the strongest influence on sustainable investment performance, followed by FinTech adoption (β = 0.31, p = 0.000), blockchain integration (β = 0.27, p = 0.000), and artificial intelligence (β = 0.24, p = 0.001). Model fit indicators confirmed a good fit with Chi-square/df = 2.41, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.91, and RMSEA = 0.058. Descriptive results showed that ESG integration recorded the highest mean value (4.01), while artificial intelligence showed the lowest mean (3.78). The findings demonstrated that digital financial technologies significantly improved sustainable investment performance by enhancing transparency, efficiency, and environmental accountability. The study concluded that FinTech-driven digital transformation plays a vital role in accelerating green finance adoption and supporting global sustainability goals. It also highlighted the importance of integrating advanced technologies to strengthen ESG-based investment systems and promote long-term environmental responsibility in financial markets.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Blockchain integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital green finance
  topic: keywords
subject: ESG integration
  topic: keywords
subject: FinTech adoption
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable investment
  topic: keywords
creator: Sayed Besmillah Sultani
creator: Saeed Ahmed
creator: Najia Batool
creator: Shahzad Jamil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sayed Besmillah Sultani, Saeed Ahmed, Najia Batool, Shahzad Jamil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 133
ending page: 143
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06111

The Impact of Explainable AI–Based Interviews on Organizational Attractiveness: The Mediating Roles of Perceived Organizational Support and Innovativeness
type: item
description: This study examines the impact of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)–based interviews on organizational attractiveness, with perceived organizational support and perceived innovativeness as mediating variables. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from a sample of 302 respondents who had experience with AI-assisted or digital recruitment systems. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze relationships among variables. The findings reveal that explainable AI significantly influences organizational attractiveness (β = 0.44, p < 0.001), perceived organizational support (β = 0.39, p < 0.001), and perceived innovativeness (β = 0.42, p < 0.001). Perceived organizational support (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) and perceived innovativeness (β = 0.28, p < 0.001) both positively affect organizational attractiveness. Mediation analysis confirms that perceived organizational support (indirect effect = 0.12, p < 0.001) and perceived innovativeness (indirect effect = 0.11, p < 0.001) partially mediate the relationship between XAI and organizational attractiveness. The results indicate that transparency in AI-driven recruitment systems enhances applicants’ perceptions of fairness, organizational care, and technological advancement, which collectively improve employer attractiveness. The study contributes to human resource management literature by demonstrating the psychological mechanisms through which explainable AI influences recruitment outcomes. Practical implications suggest that organizations adopting explainable AI can strengthen employer branding and attract high-quality candidates by improving transparency and perceived organizational values in recruitment processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Explainable AI
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational attractiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived innovativeness
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived organizational support
  topic: keywords
subject: Recruitment systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Structural equation modeling
  topic: keywords
creator: Samia Yaseen
creator: Maryam Rao
creator: Shahbaz Ali Shahani
creator: Abdullah Javed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Samia Yaseen, Maryam Rao, Shahbaz Ali Shahani, Abdullah Javed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 117
ending page: 132
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06110

Project Management Practices and Supply Chain Performance: The Role of Financial Efficiency and Risk Management
type: item
description: This study examined the impact of project management practices on supply chain performance while considering the mediating roles of financial efficiency and risk management. In an increasingly complex business environment, organizations require effective coordination of project activities to improve operational outcomes. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from 312 valid respondents working in manufacturing and logistics organizations in Punjab, Pakistan. The analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling to test direct and indirect relationships among variables. The results revealed that project management practices significantly influenced supply chain performance (β = 0.41, p < 0.001). Financial efficiency showed a positive effect on supply chain performance (β = 0.33, p < 0.001), while risk management also demonstrated a significant impact (β = 0.37, p < 0.001). Financial efficiency mediated the relationship between project management practices and supply chain performance (β = 0.18, p < 0.001). Risk management also acted as a significant mediator (β = 0.21, p < 0.001). The model explained 49% variance in supply chain performance (R² = 0.49), 34% in financial efficiency (R² = 0.34), and 37% in risk management (R² = 0.37). The findings confirmed that integrated project management practices combined with financial efficiency and risk management significantly enhanced supply chain performance. The study contributed to the literature by providing an integrated framework for improving operational effectiveness in supply chain systems. It also offered practical insights for managers to strengthen planning, financial control, and risk mitigation strategies for sustainable performance improvement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mohib ur Rahman
creator: Shahper Attiq
creator: Akbar Ali Rabbani
creator: Mahrukh Shaukat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mohib ur Rahman, Shahper Attiq, Akbar Ali Rabbani, Mahrukh Shaukat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 103
ending page: 116
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06109

Credit Risk Shocks and Bank Resilience in Pakistan: Evidence from Dynamic Z-Score and NPL Interactions
type: item
description: The present study investigated the effect of credit risk management on the financial performance of commercial banks in Pakistan by utilizing quarterly data for eighteen listed commercial banks representing 80% of total banking assets during 2010-2022. This research employed Altman Z-score and dynamic panel regression as well as Vector Autoregression (VAR) models to identify the effects of credit risk (Gross Non-Performing Loan Ratio) on bank stability and performance. IRF analysis indicated that a one standard deviation shock to the GNPLR caused an approximate 0.23 decrease in Z-scores within eight quarters, with a peak impact in the second quarter. FEVD analysis determined that variation in the Z-scores accounted for between 12 and 15 percent of the variation in the Z-scores for a two-year forecast horizon. In panel regression results, prudent credit risk management reflected by non-performing loan ratios significantly impacts higher Z-scores, higher ROA, and higher equity to asset ratios. Also, macroeconomic factors such as GDP growth, inflation, and treasury bill rates significantly moderate the impact of credit risk shocks. The study will add to the nascent body of research on banking sector resilience in developing economies and provide pragmatic policy recommendations for banking regulators and commercial banks' management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Credit Risk
  topic: keywords
subject: Bank Stability
  topic: keywords
subject: Bank Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-Performing Loans
  topic: keywords
subject: Z-Score
  topic: keywords
subject: Emerging Markets
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Raza Ali
creator: Jameel Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Raza Ali, Jameel Ahmed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 144
ending page: 161
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06112

The Impact of Digital Surveillance and Artificial Intelligence on Privacy Rights, Freedom of Expression, and Human Rights Accountability
type: item
description: The study examined the impact of digital surveillance and artificial intelligence on privacy rights, freedom of expression, and human rights accountability in digital environments. The rapid expansion of AI-based surveillance systems increased concerns regarding continuous monitoring, data extraction, and algorithmic profiling, which influenced individuals’ digital behavior and perceptions of rights protection. A quantitative research design was applied, and data were collected from a sample of 300 respondents, including students, professionals, and regular digital platform users. A structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was used, and data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and regression techniques. The results showed that AI-driven surveillance significantly affected privacy rights (β = -0.62, p < 0.001), indicating a strong negative relationship. Freedom of expression was also negatively influenced (β = -0.58, p < 0.001), suggesting that increased surveillance reduced individuals’ willingness to express opinions openly. In addition, human rights accountability showed a significant negative effect (β = -0.54, p < 0.001), reflecting reduced trust in transparency and governance mechanisms. Descriptive findings further revealed moderate to high awareness of surveillance practices (M = 3.89) and concerns regarding privacy protection (M = 3.76). The findings confirmed that AI surveillance systems significantly undermined key human rights dimensions in digital societies. The study concluded that although AI surveillance enhances efficiency and security, it simultaneously poses serious challenges to privacy protection, expressive freedom, and institutional accountability. The research recommended stronger regulatory frameworks and ethical AI governance to mitigate risks associated with surveillance technologies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Freedom of expression
  topic: keywords
subject: Human rights accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: Privacy rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital surveillance
  topic: keywords
creator: Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri
creator: Tauqeer Abdullah Khan
creator: Tajammul Azam Choudhry
creator: Khizar Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri, Tauqeer Abdullah Khan, Tajammul Azam Choudhry, Khizar Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 150
ending page: 159
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2025.05314

Algorithmic Visibility of Marginalized Voices on Social Media and Its Implications for Democracy in Pakistan
type: item
description: This study examines the impact of algorithm content curation of marginalized voices within Pakistan digital sphere. Employing a quantitative content analysis, by comparing marginalized movements (#AuratMarch and #PTM), political content (Imran Khan), and entertainment content (Pakistani dramas). The findings reveal significant disparities in content visibility, the findings reveal significant disparities in content visibility. The study further highlights platform-specific differences, as TikTok demonstrates substantially higher engagement levels than X across all categories. The study further highlights platform-specific differences, as TikTok demonstrates substantially higher engagement levels than X across all categories. However, both platforms exhibit a similar tendency to prioritize engagement-driven content, often limiting the visibility of socially significant issues. However, both platforms exhibit a similar tendency to prioritize engagement-driven content, often limiting the visibility of socially significant issues. The results suggest that algorithmic content curation plays a crucial role in influencing public discourse and may reinforce existing inequalities in digital visibility.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Algorithms
  topic: keywords
subject: X
  topic: keywords
subject: TikTok
  topic: keywords
subject: Social media
  topic: keywords
subject: Marginalized voices
  topic: keywords
subject: Democracy
  topic: keywords
creator: Nayab ,
creator: Ali Bhadur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nayab ,, Ali Bhadur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 94
ending page: 102
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06108

GenAI Adoption in Entrepreneurial Education and Digital Entrepreneurial Intention: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of University Entrepreneurial Climate and Attitudes toward Digital Entrepreneurship
type: item
description: This study examines the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) adoption in entrepreneurial education on digital entrepreneurial intention, with attitudes toward digital entrepreneurship as a mediator and university entrepreneurial climate as a moderator. A quantitative research design was employed using a cross-sectional survey of university students (N=412). Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine direct, indirect, and interaction effects. The results revealed that GenAI adoption has a significant positive effect on digital entrepreneurial intention (β = 0.28, p < 0.001). Attitudes toward digital entrepreneurship significantly mediated this relationship, with an indirect effect of β = 0.26 (p < 0.001), indicating partial mediation. The university entrepreneurial climate significantly moderated the relationship between GenAI adoption and entrepreneurial intention (β = 0.15, p < 0.01), suggesting that a supportive institutional environment strengthens the positive impact of GenAI adoption. The overall model explained 58% of the variance in digital entrepreneurial intention (R² = 0.58), demonstrating substantial explanatory power. These findings underscore the importance of integrating advanced AI technologies with supportive educational environments to foster entrepreneurial mindsets among students. This study contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive moderated mediation framework that explains how technological, psychological, and contextual factors interact to shape digital entrepreneurial intentions. Practical implications are provided for educators and policymakers in designing effective AI-driven entrepreneurial education programs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurial education
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurial intention
  topic: keywords
subject: Generative AI
  topic: keywords
subject: University climate
  topic: keywords
creator: Mansoor Ahmed Soomro
creator: Muhammad Amoon Khalid
creator: Abdul Rasheed Mangi
creator: Sana Ullah Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mansoor Ahmed Soomro, Muhammad Amoon Khalid, Abdul Rasheed Mangi, Sana Ullah Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 82
ending page: 93
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06107

Poverty, Inequality, and Crime: An Empirical Investigation of Pakistan's Urban Crime Dynamics
type: item
description: This study investigated the relationship between poverty, income inequality, unemployment, urbanization, and urban crime in Pakistan over the period 2005–2023. Using secondary data from official sources, including the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics and international economic databases, the study employed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques to examine the effects of socio-economic factors on urban crime. Results indicated that poverty (β = 4.12, p < 0.01) and income inequality (β = 3.85, p < 0.01) were the most significant predictors of crime, while unemployment had a moderate effect (β = 2.14, p < 0.05), and urbanization showed a marginal effect (β = 1.76, p = 0.061). The model explained 63% of the variance in urban crime (R² = 0.63). Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between crime and both poverty (r = 0.62, p < 0.01) and income inequality (r = 0.58, p < 0.01), while unemployment and urbanization exhibited weaker correlations. These findings emphasized the critical role of socio-economic deprivation and structural disparities in shaping urban crime dynamics in Pakistan. The study recommended comprehensive poverty alleviation, equitable income distribution, employment generation, and strengthened governance to reduce urban crime. Future research could incorporate qualitative approaches, neighborhood-level analysis, and geospatial methods to deepen understanding and improve crime prevention strategies. The study contributed to criminology literature by providing robust empirical evidence linking poverty, inequality, and urban crime in a developing country context.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Waseem Saif
creator: Muhammad Zakir
creator: Kaleem Ullah
creator: Khizar Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Waseem Saif, Muhammad Zakir, Kaleem Ullah, Khizar Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 72
ending page: 81
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06106

A Comparative Analysis of the G7’s Build Back Better World (B3W) Initiative as an Alternative to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
type: item
description: The Build Back Better World initiative, launched by G7 leaders, aims to provide a fair and more sustainable alternative to China's Belt and Road Initiative for infrastructure development in developing countries. The B3W initiative, supported by the U.S. under President Biden, seeks to revitalize multilateral cooperation and contribute to the $40 trillion needed for infrastructure in lower-income countries by 2035. Although the details of B3W are limited, they are compared with China's BRI strategy, which focuses on trade, investment, and development across multiple countries. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing secondary data sources that include journal articles, data from international organizations, newspapers, and magazines. Data from many sources are gathered and organized into tables to offer coherent evidence supporting the claims. However, Biden’s plan has raised serious concerns. Can this anti-China coalition focus on collective norms to counter China’s influence? Will the launch of the B3W initiative offer an alternative to China’s BRI?
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Group Seven (G7)
  topic: keywords
subject: Build Back Better World (B3W)
  topic: keywords
subject: Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Affairs
  topic: keywords
subject: Cornwall Summit 2021
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Atif
creator: Usman Anwar
creator: Ahmad Saeed Chishti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Atif, Usman Anwar, Ahmad Saeed Chishti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 52
ending page: 71
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06105

Green HRM, Transformational Leadership, and Sustainability Performance in Emerging Market SMEs: The Mediating Role of Pro-environmental Behavior and Circular Economy
type: item
description: Study examined the impact of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and transformational leadership on sustainability performance in SMEs in the manufacturing sector of emerging markets, focusing on the mediating roles of pro-environmental behavior and circular economic practices. The research was grounded in Resource-Based View (RBV) and Social Learning Theory, which explained how organizational capabilities and behavioral learning influenced sustainability outcomes. Quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was employed, and data were collected from SME employees using a structured questionnaire. SPSS v28 and Smart PLS v4 were utilized for descriptive analysis, reliability testing, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results revealed that GHRM (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) and transformational leadership (β = 0.34, p < 0.001) significantly enhanced sustainability performance. Pro-environmental behavior (β = 0.29, p < 0.001) and circular economy (β = 0.27, p < 0.001) were significant mediators, translating organizational strategies into tangible outcomes. The model explained 71% of variance in sustainability performance (R² = 0.71), demonstrating strong explanatory power. Findings highlighted that SMEs could improve environmental, social, and economic outcomes by integrating green HR practices with leadership strategies while promoting employee environmental behavior and circular economy initiatives. This study contributed a theoretically grounded framework combining organizational, behavioral, and strategic perspectives, offering practical implications for managers and policymakers to achieve sustainability in resource-constrained environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Circular economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Green HRM
  topic: keywords
subject: Manufacturing SMEs
  topic: keywords
subject: Pro-environmental behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Transformational leadership
  topic: keywords
creator: Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri
creator: Sarfraz Ali Malak
creator: Unaiza Ashraf
creator: Muhammad Irfan Syed
creator: Ammar Bin Tariq
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri, Sarfraz Ali Malak, Unaiza Ashraf, Muhammad Irfan Syed, Ammar Bin Tariq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 24
ending page: 36
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06103

A Study of the Real Estate Business Implications for Living Conditions in Urban Pakistan: Mixed Methodology Results
type: item
description: The major objective of this paper is to delineate implications of the real estate business for living conditions in urban Pakistan. Therefore, the three largest cities (Karachi, Lahore & Faisalabad) were selected. A mix methodology was used for data collection & analyses. The qualitative findings/insights revealed that the development & construction rules were not followed by the real estate developers. In several cases, the plots kept for mosque, graveyard or parks were sold out, later. Similarly, the size of roads and green-belts were cut down. The social and political factors were found backing many real estate developers. Many real estate agents had sold the disputed plots to the common citizens. The heavy rains of Monsoon-2025 opened the secret that the infrastructures in the shape of roads, underground-passes, bridges were of poor quality. This has put the residents and other people in difficulties & hardships. This has also caused heavy financial losses to many citizens. Furthermore, urban flooding has damaged the houses, markets, and other facilities. The overflowing rain water of various drains entered in the houses and damaged everything. Several children were injured or drowned in the mid of the year 2025. It was not the quality but, even, availability of the drinking water, drainage & sewerage, gas and electricity that was making public life worst. Again, the street-crimes, security and safety situations had become more damaging & challenging. It is suggested to develop ‘small cities’ with all facilities to reduce pressure on and problems of the large cities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Real estate business
  topic: keywords
subject: Mixed methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban
  topic: keywords
subject: Street crimes
  topic: keywords
subject: Implications
  topic: keywords
subject: Living conditions
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative
  topic: keywords
subject: Insights
  topic: keywords
subject: Data collection
  topic: keywords
subject: Analyses
  topic: keywords
creator: Hira Ashfaq
creator: Asif Ali
creator: Ashfaq Maan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hira Ashfaq, Asif Ali, Ashfaq Maan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 37
ending page: 51
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06104

Profitability Analysis of Dates in District Kech, Balochistan
type: item
description: Pakistan ranks seventh among the world’s leading date-producing countries, with Balochistan contributing 53% of national production (225,000 tons from 43.3 thousand hectares). District Kech alone accounts for 59% of the province’s total output. This study assessed the profitability of date cultivation using primary data from 80 farmers in Kech. Major date-producing areas include Turbat and Panjgoor for high-quality dates, while Begum Jangi leads in cultivated area and output, followed by Halini, Hussaini, Goknah, and others. The total cultivation cost was estimated at Rs. 69.9 thousand per acre. Key cost components included land preparation (Rs. 14.8 thousand), orchard establishment (Rs. 19.5 thousand), operational expenses (Rs. 45.8 thousand), and marketing (Rs. 31.8 thousand). Purchase of palm suckers represented the largest share of establishment costs, while transportation dominated marketing expenses. Average yield was 77.3 maunds per hectare, with trees aged 10–20 years being most productive. Washakar fetched the highest market price, followed by Begum Jangi and Konzenabad, whereas Halini was mainly used for producing hydrated dates (Chhuhara). Net returns were Rs. 13.7 thousand per acre, with a cost–benefit ratio of 1:2.98, indicating overall profitability. Marketing analysis showed a consumer price spread of Rs. 3.5 thousand per maund. Retailers received the highest share (42.1 paisa per rupee spent), followed by middlemen (35.9 paisa) and growers (22 paisa). Growers had the lowest cost–benefit ratio (1:0.27), highlighting inefficiencies in the marketing chain. Key challenges included poor farm-to-market infrastructure, high transportation costs, limited market facilities, inadequate irrigation, lack of processing units, and absence of cold storage facilities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Date palm
  topic: keywords
subject: Profitability analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Balochistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Marketing margins
  topic: keywords
subject: Farm-to-market infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultivation constraints
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost–benefit ratio
  topic: keywords
creator: Tahira Sadaf
creator: Ayesha Rouf
creator: Nazia Tabasam
creator: Neelam Rana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tahira Sadaf, Ayesha Rouf, Nazia Tabasam, Neelam Rana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2026.06101

Growth and Fiscal Consequences of Terrorism in Pakistan
type: item
description: This study empirically evaluates the growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in Pakistan_ by assessing the terrorism and macroeconomic relation using different proxies for terrorism, i.e., incidents of terrorism, Injured Victims, and total Deaths from terrorist attacks_ by using annual time series data from 1981-2020. In this study, two models are used, i.e. model for proxies of terrorism and a model for terrorism index as well. The paper has quantified the short-run and long-run analysis by applying the Vector Auto Regressive Model (VAR) and Johansen Co-integration technique, respectively. In the short run, terrorism has negative implications for economic growth in Pakistan. The military spending showed a positive impact on the economic growth of Pakistan; an increase in defense expenditures will boost the country’s economy in the short run. In the long run, investment activities showed a direct relationship with the economic growth of Pakistan. While the intuition is that government spending on security measures improve law & order situation in the country, which boosts economic activity in Pakistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Economic Growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Terrorism
  topic: keywords
subject: Time Series
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Shahbaz Sarwar
creator: Bilal Hassan
creator: Agha Muhammad Yousaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shahbaz Sarwar, Bilal Hassan, Agha Muhammad Yousaf (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 138
ending page: 149
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2025.05313

Opportunity Differential in Early Childhood Development in Punjab, Pakistan: Role of Stunting
type: item
description: Persistent inequalities in Early Childhood Development (ECD) services pose a major challenge to equitable human development. These disparities can limit a child’s future potential and reinforce the cycle of poverty and inequality. The aim of this study is to examine the extent and sources of opportunity differentials in ECD in Punjab, Pakistan by analyzing how various socioeconomic and demographic factors affect children’s early access to essential ECD services. This study explores opportunity differentials in ECD among children aged 3 to 5 years in Punjab, Pakistan, using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2017. Drawing upon the Human Opportunity Index (HOI) within the Equality of Opportunity framework, the research quantifies inequalities in access to key developmental opportunities such as literacy, cognitive skills, motor development and social behaviour. In second stage of analysis, Shapley decomposition analysis is utilized, to assess the circumstance based factors contribution in inequality of opportunity. The analysis reveals significant contribution of each circumstance factor to inequality. Stunting is found as the largest contributor of inequality in behaving well with others with 57.5% and 20.4% in reading skills. Early childhood education contributing 20.5% in word recognition, 40% in alphabet recognition, and 28.3% in being able to perform small tasks, followed by household wealth contributing 35.5 % to follow directions, 26.7% to get distracted,16.1% contribute to health in large proportion while child gender accounts for the smallest share. The study concludes that targeted policy interventions are urgently needed to reduce ECD disparities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Early childhood development
  topic: keywords
subject: Inequality of opportunity
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Hafiz Ghulam Mujaddad
creator: Sundus Jameel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hafiz Ghulam Mujaddad, Sundus Jameel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 125
ending page: 137
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2025.05312

Evaluating Health Risks, Economic Costs and Gender Impacts of Pesticide Exposure in Cotton Production
type: item
description: The use of substantial amount of pesticides to control pests and disease in cotton production leads to creating an unhealthy working environment for farm workers. Health impacts and costs have different implications for men and women farm workers. The present study explores whether female workers experience higher vulnerability to pesticide residual effects than male farm workers. Cross-sectional data collected from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan were employed to compare the health repercussions, associated costs and determinants of health costs. The health cost function and multiple regression were used to find out the influence of various factors on health cost of male and female workers. Among the prevalent health impacts reported by farm workers commonly include flu/fever, skin irritations, nausea/vomiting and eye irritation. Health problems are more pronounced among pesticide applicators when compared with women workers and non-applicators. An evaluation of earnings per hour associated with pesticide exposure underscores a significant disparity among farm workers. Women cotton pickers earn roughly half of what pesticide applicators earn, and their earnings stand at less than four times those of non-applicators. Determinants of health cost include education, the use of PPE, access to healthcare facilities, duration of pesticide exposure and regional disparities, with a few exceptions. This study offers valuable guidance to policymakers to mitigate the health impacts of pesticide exposure among farm workers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Health impacts
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost of illness
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Cotton
  topic: keywords
creator: Khuda Bakhsh
creator: Kiran Sarwar
creator: Muhammad Asim Yasin
creator: Rafaqet Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Khuda Bakhsh, Kiran Sarwar, Muhammad Asim Yasin, Rafaqet Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 112
ending page: 124
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2025.05311

Impact of Exchange Rate, Budget Deficit and Money Supply on Economic Growth: An Analysis from Pakistan
type: item
description: As a small economy, Pakistan is actually or meaningfully feeble to the external shocks with its trade relations regarding trade. The economic strategy has a significant effect on the exchange rate policy for Pakistan. In this research, we have tried to highlight effects of exchange rate, budget deficit and money supply on economic growth of Pakistan by using data from 1986 to 2024. The economic growth was used as dependent variable. However, exchange rate, budget deficit, money supply and trade openness were taken as independent variables. The authors have used OLS regression model for this analysis. The findings showed that exchange rate has increased economic growth of Pakistan economy. Moreover, trade openness affected positively the growth of the economy. Finally, money supply has also increased the welfare of the economy. In addition to it, budget deficit has resulted in decreased growth in this analysis. The study suggested for more stable environment for increasing investment, production and economic growth. There should be more capital accumulation for more growth. Additionally, country must improve the volume of exports and trade to have more economic growth. Finally, there should be less domestic shocks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Exchange rate
  topic: keywords
subject: Money supply
  topic: keywords
subject: External shock
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Nazar Mahmood
creator: Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
creator: Alishba Zia
creator: Waqar Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nazar Mahmood, Muhammad Nadeem Abbas, Alishba Zia, Waqar Hussain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 106
ending page: 111
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2025.05310

An Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Dimensions in Korean Television Season The Legend of the Blue Sea
type: item
description: This study analyzes the temporal and spatial aspects of the Korean series The Legend of the Blue Sea, employing Gilles Deleuze’s theory of temporality to show that the series intertwines past, present, and future in a non-linear narrative, and challenges conventional notions of time and space. This study explores how the series presents time not as a mere succession of events but as a multiplicity of temporalities that coexist and interact. Furthermore, it delves into the double narrative script to investigate as how the series transcends traditional narrative forms by exploring how flashbacks and parallel timelines interact. Besides, the study offers a profound understanding of narrative structure, and character evolution aligning with Deleuze's philosophy of time as a multiplicity of coexisting temporalities. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of The Legend of the Blue Sea through Deleuze’s lens, and the research shows how the series’ narrative, and spatial dynamics collectively create a complex and multi-layered representation of time. The discussion showed an emergence of a beautiful correlation between dynamics of time and space featured through double narrative script.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Temporal shift
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial dimension
  topic: keywords
subject: Fantasy
  topic: keywords
subject: Pearls
  topic: keywords
subject: Dual narrative
  topic: keywords
subject: Korean season
  topic: keywords
subject: Parallel timelines
  topic: keywords
subject: Virtual and actual
  topic: keywords
subject: Multiple temporalities
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryam Shahzadi
creator: Hina Rafique
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Maryam Shahzadi, Hina Rafique (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 85
ending page: 105
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2025.05309

Analysis of Green Energy on Environmental Sustainability Framework in SAARC Countries
type: item
description: Growth of industry and reliance on nonrenewable forms of energy in the SAARC region have added to the problem of environmental degradation, which has also increased the costs of health and exposure to climate change. The shift to renewable energy, technological change and sustainable tourism is necessary to secure the economic well-being, preserve the natural resources and guarantee the safety of people. This article examines how green energy is correlated with technological innovation, tourism and sustainability in the SAARC countries between the year 2000 and 2023 using the ARDL estimation methodology in the STIRPAT model. The independent variables are the consumption of renewable and nonrenewable energy, industrial production, foreign direct investment, technological advancement, tourism, participation of the labor force and urbanization. The dependent variables have been the environmental degradation, economic growth and population health. Model 1 (Environmental Sustainability Model) results show that the renewable energy, foreign direct investment, tourism and technological innovation lessen environmental degradation, whereas industrial activity and use of fossil fuels aggravate the situation. Model 2 (Economic Sustainability Model) indicates that long-term economic growth is influenced by renewable energy, innovation, tourism and labor force participation, but non-renewable energy is positive in the short term. According to Model 3 (Social Sustainability Model), the development of renewable energy, technological advances and tourism have a beneficial impact on the population's health in contrast to industrialization and fossil fuels. The paper identifies the necessity of the SAARC economies to speed up the process of switching to renewable energy, enhance the innovation potential and incorporate sustainable tourism in national policy. It is based on the 3Ps theory (People, Planet, Profit) and highlights the importance of clean energy and technology as the key …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: 3ps theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Raja Kashif
creator: Durdana Qaiser Gillani
creator: Khalid Mahmood Mughal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Raja Kashif, Durdana Qaiser Gillani, Khalid Mahmood Mughal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 67
ending page: 84
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2025.05308

Transitivity-Driven Semantic Shifts and Ideological Mediation in the English Translation of Intizar Hussain’s Wo Jo Kho Gaye
type: item
description: This study investigates the dynamics of meaning transfer in literary translation through a comparative analysis of Intizar Hussain’s Wo Jo Kho Gaye (Hussain, 1990) and its English rendition. Employing Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) with a focus on transitivity processes, this study examines how linguistics choices shape semantic shifts between the source text (ST) and the target text (TT). For this, the study utilized a framework proposed by Halliday (1994) and Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), which is based on six process types—material, mental, relational, verbal, behavioral, and existential—that are identified and quantified in both texts. The results show that the ST comprises 348 material (39.01%), 238 relational (26.68%),146 verbal (16.36%), 145 mental (16.25%), 9 behavioral (1%), and 6 existential (0.67%) process, while the TT contains 400 material (40.12%), 287 relational (28.38%),144 mental (14.44%), 142 verbal (14.24%), 20 existential (2%), and 8 process (0.80%). These variations reflect subtle shifts in narrative emphasis and ideological framing. The translator’s strategic use of equivalence, paraphrasing, omission, loan words, and cultural substitutions further contributes to the reconfiguration of meaning. The findings underscore the pivotal role of transitivity in shaping textual interpretation and highlight the translator’s agency in negotiating cultural and linguistic boundaries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transitivity
  topic: keywords
subject: literary translation
  topic: keywords
subject: Semantic shifts
  topic: keywords
subject: Equivalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural mediation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayesha Saddique
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ayesha Saddique (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-18
publication date: 2025-12-18
starting page: 57
ending page: 66
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2025.05307

Technological Diffusion, Absorption Capacity and Export Performance: An Empirical Analysis from the Selected Developing Countries
type: item
description: A country's absorption capacity plays a key role in attracting technological diffusion and improving its export performance. This study aims to investigate the role of technological diffusion and absorption capacity in expanding export performance in developing countries. The study uses panel data from developing countries from 2000 to 2020. The results of the fixed-effect analysis reveal a significant, positive role for both technological diffusion and absorption capacity in a country's export performance. The inflow of technology into a country results in technology spillovers and the transfer of advanced knowledge and skills into production. This advanced technology and production knowledge boost both productive capacity and volume, enabling countries to increase exports. Moreover, absorption capacity plays a key role in increasing export performance in developing countries. The results of the study indicate that technological diffusion positively affects export performance initially as absorption capacity increases. Unfortunately, absorption capacity in developing countries does not meet world standards, which is why technology adoption and export performance are lower. The study suggests that countries take the necessary measures to improve their absorption capacity by adopting new technologies and increasing exports.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Technological diffusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Absorption capacity
  topic: keywords
subject: Export performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Baber Amin
creator: Mirajul Haq
creator: Tauqir Iftikhar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Baber Amin, Mirajul Haq, Tauqir Iftikhar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 49
ending page: 56
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2025.05306

Manifestations and Coping Deficits: Investigating Variations in Perceived Parental Pressure, Exam Anxiety, and Emotional Well-Being among Secondary School Students
type: item
description: This paper has explored the perceived parental pressure, exam anxiety, and emotional well-being amongst secondary school children in Sargodha, Pakistan. The study’s objectives include to investigate the perceived levels of parental pressure, exam anxiety, and emotional well-being among secondary school students. Quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used, and 240 students (Grades 9 and 10) were sampled by using multistage sampling. Data collection was done using three research instruments, which included the Parental Pressure Scale, Exam Anxiety Scale, and Emotional Well-Being Scale. Those were descriptive statistical analyses (frequency, percentages, mean scores, and standard deviations). The findings showed that there was a lot of pressure on the parents, especially in terms of high-grade expectations. There was also extensive exam anxiety as students complained of psychological (e.g., worry, memory blanking) and physical (e.g., racing heart) symptoms. Although the overall outcome of the questions revealed that students were usually experiencing positive emotional well-being, including enjoying learning and being proud of their accomplishments, the academic stress and trouble with their personal life caused by schoolwork were also common. One of the major discoveries was the dual and sophisticated role of parental influence, which was a stressor, yet it was a support of personal passions to many. The research paper concludes that high parental expectations and exam anxiety are the major factors that put pressure on the emotional health of students. The report highlights the need for intervention measures and recommends that schools be given stress management programs, awareness workshops for parents, and curriculum changes that will promote a healthier balance between academic performance and mental health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parental pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: Exam anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional well-being
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary school students
  topic: keywords
creator: Muqaddas Awais
creator: Ghulam Muhammad Malik
creator: Sahibzada Shamim-ur-Rasul
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muqaddas Awais, Ghulam Muhammad Malik, Sahibzada Shamim-ur-Rasul (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 36
ending page: 48
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2025.05305

Impact of Remittances on Female Labour Participation in Pakistan
type: item
description: This study examines how international remittances relate to women’s labour force participation in Pakistan using nationally representative HIES/PSLM 2018–19 microdata, We estimate logistic models to compare women in remittance-receiving and non-receiving households and, among recipients, test whether remittance size matters. Women in receiving households are 6–11 percentage points less likely to work, after controls and location fixed effects. Within recipient households, the relationship is negative and monotonic: as monthly log remittances rise from 8 to 16, the predicted probability of participation falls from about 17 to 5 percent. The intensity effect is strongest in rural areas and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and is insignificant in urban areas, Punjab, and Sindh. Results are consistent with an income effect and household bargaining that shift time toward non-market activities. Because the analysis is cross-sectional, remaining endogeneity cannot be ruled out. The findings inform policies that tie remittance income to flexible, decent work options for women.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Remittances
  topic: keywords
subject: Female labour participation
  topic: keywords
subject: Migration
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Hafiza Nosheen
creator: Waqas Shair
creator: Badar un Nisa
creator: Abdullah Shakeel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hafiza Nosheen, Waqas Shair, Badar un Nisa, Abdullah Shakeel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 25
ending page: 35
doi: 10.70843/ijass.2025.05304